Luisa Zeilhofer, 2020, Mindfulness in the foreign language classroom: Influence on academic achievement and awareness, Language Teaching Research 1–19 .
Thursday, March 4, 2021
Meditation and Language Learning
Luisa Zeilhofer, 2020, Mindfulness in the foreign language classroom: Influence on academic achievement and awareness, Language Teaching Research 1–19 .
Wednesday, March 3, 2021
Self Esteem and Language Learning
Elsa Rosalina, Nasrullah Nasrullah, (2019) The Correlation between Self – Esteem and Student’s Reading Comprehension, English Language Teaching Educational Journal, Volume 2, 2.
Tuesday, March 2, 2021
Second Language Learning Research
- Neural mechanisms of language learning from social; Hyeonjeong Jeong, PingLi, Wataru Suzuki,
Motoaki Sugirua, Ryuta Kawashima; Brain and LanguageVolume 212, January
2021, 104874.
- A critical period for second
language acquisistion: Evidence from 2/3 million English speakers, Joshua
B.Tenenbaum, aStevenPinkerc,
Cognition, Volume 177, August 2018, pages 263-277.
- Johan Mårtensson, Johan Eriksson, Nils Christian
Bodammer, Magnus Lindgren, Mikael Johansson, Lars Nyberg, Martin Lövdén. Growth
of language-related brain areas after foreign language learning. NeuroImage,
2012; 63 (1): 240
Thursday, December 17, 2020
Shoes
Japan does most everything well. Electronics, automobiles, trains, and unmanned space flight are all testament to Japanese hard work and ingenuity.
Japan does two things poorly, bread and shoes. I will write about bread another time. Today I will write about shoes.
The Japanese shoe trade is bereft of innovation, customer choice, and and affordable products.
There were two television series that ran recently that both featured stories about running in tabi. Tabi are a style of socks with a split toe for wearing with sandals, or by themselves if they have a rubber sole. One of the series featured a story about a modern tabi manufacturer that was on the brink of failure, when they helped an injured runner overcome his problem by designing a running tabi just for him.
The second series was a story about an actual athlete, Kanakuri Shizo, who participated in the seventh and eighth Olympics. He ran in tabi that were made by a company in Tamana, Kumamoto.
As a result of the series' popularity, I expected to see a boom in running tabi and other minimalist shoes in general. In actuality, crickets.
What is on offer at shoe stores in my area is a selection of lower-tier, big brand name shoes. It's easy to find big name products at shops, but they are the poor quality range of shoes that these corporations make. I can find the higher quality shoes online, but I don't want to buy shoes online.
The cost of shoes is also prohibitive. A reasonably good quality pair of running shoes from a reputable US maker sells for around ¥13,000 online at a US site. The identical pair of shoes from a Japanese website is priced at ¥33,000. That's more than twice the price for identical shoes.
My current solution is a pair of plastic clogs. The company who makes them now sells a version that is good for walking in, come in my size, and are affordable at about ¥6,000.
Some people say that Japan has never been
a shoe culture. That's fine, but companies are not even trying. Japan has never been a space culture either, but Hayabusa and Hyabusa II have been magnificent successes.
Tuesday, December 15, 2020
Shaving
Most men in Japan shave their faces. I think that has been the custom for some time. Probably as an influence of Western culture, some men grew facial hair during the early part of the 20th Century.
I shave, not every day, but on days that I have to look presentable. I also shave my head as well as my face.
I started to shave when I was in high school. I used an old double-edged, safety razor that my grandfather used. Then I used an injector razor that happened to be in a drawer in the house.
I used my father's electric shaver for a while, but that didn't cut it. (Yes, a shaving joke.) I don't think they made them that shape anymore. It had a cord and was squarish, like a bar of soap.
Electric razors have always been my second choice for shaving. They are just another electric device that requires attention.
I prefer blade razors and soap, shaving soap if I can get it. They seem to give me a closer shave.
I have tried all kinds of bladed razors. First, I just used what was cheapest. Single bladed razors work best for me, though. As the razors went from one blade to two and more, I found that the small space between the blades gets clogged up with whiskers and soap. I use a metal-handled, single-bladed razor made by the Kai company. It does the trick, and they last.
Shaving soap is my favorite. I prefer it to shaving foam from a can, because the can is a total waste of resources. My fist experience with a shaving brush and soap sealed it for me. Warm suds on my face rather than cold, smelly stuff from a can anytime!
As I said, I shave my whole head. While I started losing my hair in middle age, I struggled to find barbers and hair styles that would work. None of them did, so I just cut it off. I messed around with an electric hair cutter, but again, just another electric device to maintain. Now I just lather up my head and shave it off.
Shaving my head as well as my face saves on a variety of concerns. I don't worry about going gray, having hair that's too long, hair gels or sprays, shampoo, rinse, conditioner, or about bald spots. I just shave a little move.
One thing I think Japan misses out on is men's shaving experience. There isn't enough attention paid to comfort, luxury. If there's an advertisement for men's shaving products, it's all about the product, a clean shave. Any shaver should be able to do that.
What I want is a focus on the warm, satisfying experience of shaving. Doing the job is only half of it. Warm, nice smelling foam, and the feeling of completion, being ready for the day, that should come along with it.
I'll write move about shaving in Japan, because I think it is part of the Japanese hair fetish.
Monday, December 14, 2020
Coffee
I've been a coffee addict for forty years or more. I've liked it for a very long time. My family were all coffee drinkers.
When I came to Japan I was pleasantly surprised by the cafes. There were small, dark, smoke-filled rooms all wood grain and velvet cushions. The coffee was good, and the food was what it was, nothing fancy.
The menu offered a variety of hot and cold coffee drinks as well as soft drinks and alcohol. It also had sandwiches, pasta, curry and a variety of cake.
A customer could sit and read the variety of magazines, newspapers, manga, or novels that the cafes always had on offer. No one was going to chase you out, because, for one reason, servers do not work for tips.
In the Nagoya area a majority of the working population eats their breakfast at cafes. "Morning," as it is known, is a meal offered before lunch. It includes various things, but mostly some combination of ham, eggs, bread, and a veggie salad, plus a cup of coffee.
I think most of the people who frequent cafes in the afternoons are businessmen who need a quick meal and a cup of coffee, or retired people who want a place to meet their friends.
Recently franchise operations, like Tully's, Doutor, and Komeda have made serious dents in those old Showa period cafes. They offer a number of differences to the older types, standardized and recognized coffee and other drinks. They offer some food, but none of it as good as the old cafes.
Convenience stores have also begun to offer a variety of good coffee drinks for a very low price. A small cup of coffee costs around a dollar, where the same size cup of coffee might cost three to four dollars at a cafe. Customers can buy goods or services there, and have a good cup of coffee, a latte, or an number of other hot or cold coffee drinks for a reasonable price.
If you like to make your own coffee, you are covered, too. You can buy coffee beans of different varieties, roasted to your specifications in many places. I live in a relatively rural community, and I can get a bag of freshly roasted coffee beans at a cafe just ten minutes away from my house. If I wanted to have a larger selection, I could go to the nearest department store and buy a bag of beans from their large selection of freshly roasted coffee.
At home we drink Peace Coffee from Peace Winds Japan (PWJ). PWJ is an NGO that helps people around the world. One of their projects is coffee production in East Timor. They have helped the people there to establish their own coffee growing operations that supply coffee to people all over the world.
It appears that more people drink tea than coffee here. That means that there we really have the best of both worlds here, high quality tea as well as coffee.
Sunday, December 13, 2020
Homeless Animals
Every weekday, I wake up at 5:00 to go to a shelter that houses homeless dogs and cats. I walk two dogs every morning, four on the rare occasion.
The animals are there for various reasons, mostly because they have been discarded by a human. Some were born without a home. Each one has a different story.
There are many animals that end up in a shelter like ours, but there are many more that end up in pounds that kill unclaimed animals. There are even more that live their brief lives on the brink of starvation, pregnant, injured, sick, and unloved.There is a mountain nearby where people go to dispose of unwanted animals. They take them there, dump them out of their cars, and drive away. The animals have to fend for themselves, but most eventually succumb to hunger, disease, or injury.
Our group goes there to try to rescue some of the animals. We take the ones we can catch, clean them up, get them medical attention, and work to find them permanent homes.
There are so many stories, so many animals. Most of them find good homes. Some of them are not fit to be with humans. They are not mean, on the contrary, they are too afraid of people to ever want contact with humans. We take care of those dogs and cats through out their lives.
Many of the dogs recently have come to us from breeders, where they used the female dogs to make puppies to sell at pet shops. The females are tired out by ten years old. In the past, those dogs would just have been killed, but now they come to us.
We don't need any more dogs or cats to be sold at pet shops. There are so many animals that want to have a forever home.
I don't own any of the dogs I walk, and I think that is a great relationship. They own themselves, and I help to give them the life they were denied at some point. My guess is that
they would like nothing better than to live in a home where they could give and get care and love.
Thursday, December 10, 2020
Use a Utility Bicycle in Japan
Utility bicycles are the best bicycles for commuting in Japan. They are sturdy, safe, and secure.
Utility bicycles are sturdy to a fault. This also makes them quite heavy unless you get an aluminum frame. I have a steel frame, and it is heavy. If I want to load it into my truck, I have to either use a ramp and push it, or lift it up over the side. I can lift it, but it is hefty. On the other hand, I never have to worry about the integrity of the frame.
Every thing about these bikes is meant to last. Many high school students park them out in the elements in front of train stations, because they use them as part of their commute to school. They either ride from home to the station or from the station to school. Bikes are left exposed to the elements. They are often blown over in windy weather, and aside from a mix-up with a car, I have never seen any part of a utility bicycle dented or bent.
In the past it was common to hear a bicycle making a clunk-clunk sound as it rolled by. The chain requires regular lubrication, but if neglected the chain would rust. This was especially true of the type in the photo below where the chain is completely encased in a metal covering. The chain would rust into a bent position, and make a noise every time it made a revolution, striking against the inside of the cover.
Current models have replaced chains with a belt drive. Belt drives are cleaner, lighter, cheaper, smoother, quieter and require less maintenance or adjustment than chains. My bicycle is an older model with a chain. I don't mind that, because I enjoy tinkering with mine, but for people who would otherwise neglect their chains or who do not enjoy getting their hands dirty, belt drive is the answer.
Utility bicycles come equipped with a light in front and reflectors on the spokes, on the frame at the rear of the bicycle, and on each of the pedals. Modern lights turn themselves on when it becomes dark enough, and they are charged by a generator in the front hub. That eliminates the need to reach down to the front tire and flip the switch that puts the generator in contact with the rim or tire. If it is dark, the light comes on.
Japan has a reputation for being a crime-free country, and that is true, except for bicycles and umbrellas. If it is unlocked and unattended, someone is going to snatch it, take it where they want to go, and ditch it. Any utility bicycle you might buy these days comes with a locking system where, when you lock the rear wheel, the front wheel is also locked. This effectively gives you two locks for the effort of one. You can also register and insure your bicycle when you buy it, which puts it into a system that records bikes that are stolen. This makes it easier for the authorities to return stolen property, or for the owner to use insurance to replace one.
Bicycles are great transportation, and for the daily commute they cannot be bested. Most of them come with a rear rack and a handlebar basket. They are built with the busy rider in mind, who does not have the time or will to maintain a bicycle that is coated in road grime. My stur
dy, safe and secure ride has never let me down.
Friday, June 19, 2020
My Hometown in the Future
Wednesday, May 20, 2020
Dreams
Wednesday, April 1, 2020
Important Places in My Hometown
Environment is important, and places where we can go to enjoy natural wonders. Takachiho in Miyazaki Prefecture has a very old history and a breathtaking natural beauty.
No matter where people live, there are features that give their hometown an identity. Whether they are historical, economic, natural, or a combination of all of the above, they give our hometowns identities all their own.
Wednesday, March 11, 2020
Where is your hometown?
Some people have moved around a lot more than I have, and so saying where their hometowns are might be difficult. Basically people choose their hometown based on a few factors. Where did they live during their youth? Where do most of their family live now? How do they feel about those places?
What is a hometown? A place where one has spend his/her formative years making friends, having conflicts, successes, failures, romances, traumas, and maturing toward adulthood. It would be a place where people lived in their childhood or adolescence. It may not have been an entirely happy experience, and some may even come to hate or resent their hometown. Whatever the relationship turned out to be in the end, our connections with our hometowns are principally emotional.
It's not just the people, either. Part of a hometown is the physical parts, the schools we attended, the parks where we played, the place we had our first kiss. Those are all part of the experiences that make a hometown what it is.
Towns change for the better and change for the worse. That park where we played might get paved over for a new road. That house where we lived may be run down and vacant.
Towns change for the better, too. The dirty, abandoned factories down by the river might be changed into a park with biking and walking paths. A new hospital with all the best facilities could be built, saving many lives in a growing community.
When we tell people about hour hometowns, what do people want to know? First, if they are not familiar with the place, they may want to know where it is. We can start big and zoom in on the place as we explain. for example, my hometown is Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. If someone didn't know where that was, as people in Japan often don't, I would explain that it is in the Eastern US, in the state of Pennsylvania, in the southwest corner of the state.
People often want to know what your hometown's weather is. Pittsburgh's weather is similar to weather here in Japan. It is hot and humid in summer and cold in the winter. It is a little less humid in Pittsburgh than in Japan, but it's similar otherwise.
People often ask if it is a big city. The population there is 303,000 people. It is almost the same as Yokkaichi, which has 310,000 people. Aside from the population, though, it has a big city feeling. It is culturally diverse with thriving Jewish, Polish, and Italian populations. It has two very good universities, University of Pittsburgh, and Carnegie Mellon University. It also has a big downtown area, several professional sports teams, and lots of manufacturing in the city.
No matter how big or small, well-known or hidden among the mountains and woods, your hometown is where you grew up. Everyone has strong feelings about those places. I think most often the feelings are bitter-sweet. I haven't been back to my hometown for many years, and I might never go back there again. There are parts of it that make me angry when I think about them. There are also places, experiences, and people that fill me with longing and nostalgia.
Thursday, December 19, 2019
Morning Routines and How They Vary
I wake up early in the morning, at about 5:00. I never snooze. Then I go out and volunteer, walking some dogs at a local animal shelter. I have breakfast at around 7:00. I wash my face and shave from around 7:30. It takes me 15 minutes to do that.
I leave for work at 8:15 and arrive at 8:45. My work day varies from day to day, but I usually have time to eat lunch at about 2:30. My work is finished at 5:00 on average.
I get home at around 6:00. If I walk home it takes a little longer. I eat dinner with my family from 7:00. I help my children with their studies or we watch TV. I bathe and get ready for bed by 10:00.
All of this is cultural. Some people get up earlier or later and tend to have different ideas about what is normal. The IKEA company published some research in 2014 on how people in some big cities organize their mornings.
The research found that in Berlin, Germany, most people rise after 6:30 on weekdays. 42% of the people asked said that they were "evening people," meaning that they preferred to be active in the evening rather than in the morning. 52% said that they push the snooze button one time, and 36% said they push it more than one time.
57% of Berliners say that they bathe or shower in the morning. They take about 14 minutes for that. When they are finished with their grooming, only 1/10 feel anxious about their looks. (Compared to 20% in Moscow.)
1/4 of the people take time for reflection in the morning. That takes several shapes. Some people reflect during their grooming time, or listen to quiet music in the morning. Finally, 57% of people in Berlin say they eat breakfast.
Let's compare Berlin to London, another big, European city. Londoners wake up at 7:00 on average, about 30 minutes later than people in Berlin. That might be why London is such a creative city. It has been found that waking later in the morning is correlated to more creativity. London has been raked #7 in the world for being a creative city. 50% of the people claim to be "evening people." Most people spend 5 minutes choosing the clothes that they will wear that day, and 14 minutes in grooming. Yet 12% say that they are "anxious" about their appearance. 68% of the people say that they take some time for reflection during the morning.
Londoners show more interest in "the most important meal of the day," or breakfast. 8/10 of people want to eat breakfast prepared at home, with 60% actually having it. The other 2/10 eat breakfast out.
People in other countries have quite different morning routines. According to IKEA's data, people everywhere who live with children say that they want to play with their children. 7 in 10 people who live in Moscow say that play in the morning is important. The truth is that only 1 in 10 people actually do play with their children. 88% of Muscovites say that it is important to have conversation with their children in the morning, but only half of them do have discussions then.
People's work days in Mumbai start much later than most places. The survey showed that most people start their work day there at 11:00. They get a stress-free start to their work day. 90% of Mumbaikars say that breakfast is an important part of their days, more than all of the other cities surveyed. They don't spend much time eating it, but they usually do it with others who live with them. Parents who live with children under 12 years old say that they play with them on 1/3 of mornings.
New York City has always had a reputation for being a fashionable town. The Global Language Monitor says that New York is the most fashionable city in the world. How do New Yorkers carry this off? First, they spend more time at it than in other places. On average they spend 16 minutes on their grooming, two minutes more than other countries. Women take 19 minutes. Women also shave more often than in other countries.
As a result of this preparation, only about 16% of them say that their looks are a stressful part of the morning. Stress levels vary based on their confidence and grooming times. Another result is that 13% claim that mornings is when they look their best during the whole day.
Mornings are an interesting time of the day to observe, because, depending on the place, people approach that time of the day differently. We didn't even discuss mornings in relation to our previous topic, likes and dislikes. I like mornings. To me it's the best part of the day. To me, "Good morning," really is good.


